![]() ![]() Results from free permutation testing showed half of the environmental variables included in the model were significant (p ≤ 0.05). An NMDS analysis was consistent with the similarity analysis with streams ordinating primarily based on geographic proximity (stress = 0.07, R² = 0.76) and not stream type (multiresponse permutation procedure: A = 0.289, p = 0.003). Among streams within a park, there were distinct differences among their respective faunas, which is likely due to local physical and chemical differences in those streams. Predominantly spring-fed streams were less closely related to the other streams in those clusters. Cluster analysis showed taxa similarity among sites was grouped by geographic proximity rather than stream type, but, within the primary clusters, there also was separation among the streams. Seventy-two species, 36 genera, and 15 families were collected from among these streams. 2005).Īdult caddisfly (Trichoptera) community assemblages were studied in nine streams located in the transitional zone of the Ozarks and tallgrass prairie ecoregions. The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek National Battlefield (WICR). By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. ![]() The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Executive Summary Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. ![]()
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